PESTLE Analysis

Changes in a business environment brings both opportunities and threats to a firm. To help a firm understand the opportunities and threats they face, a PESTLE Analysis can be performed to see the broader picture and situation of the firm.

Elements of a PESTLE Analysis

PESTLE represents the following factors:

  • Political (political environment, unrest, balance of power, public ideology, etc.)

  • Economic (state of the economy, inflation, interest rates, etc.)

  • Social (customer culture, demographics, consumer attitude, etc.)

  • Technological (new technologies, technology research and spending, internet, etc.)

  • Legal (business regulation, government laws, ordinances, tax laws, trade laws, etc.)

  • Environmental (climate, weather patterns, temperatures, seasons, fault lines, etc.)

By analyzing each of the above factors and changes which affect each factor, a firm is better able to identify market opportunities and threats. The PESTLE analysis is carried out by considering each factor and identifying changes within each. In regards to these changes, opportunities which arise are determined, followed by possible threats also incurred. When possible opportunities and threats are accounted for, an action plan is created which takes advantage of opportunities and defends against threats. The final step in PESTLE analysis is initiating the action plan.

When is PESTLE most helpful?

PESTLE analysis can be particularly helpful for international companies that deal with global politics, economies, cultures, advancements, laws, and environments. The PESTLE framework helps these types of companies make sound decisions on where to expand and how to do it or to decide not to altogether.

Sample Analysis: Point - Pest Control

Consider the following. As the cofounder of Point, a recently founded pest control company, you would like to better understand the market you’re involved in, its opportunities and threats. To better understand Point’s position, let’s perform a PESTLE analysis on the company.

Political Factors

First we analyze the political situation and political changes. Point does not operate outside of the US, but you have plans to take the company across the US. Luckily, there doesn’t exist any terrible national political feelings which may limit the existence of Point. However, depending on the state Point decides to perform its business within, different feelings do exist on a more local and state level. After searching through the state governments websites it’s easy to determine which states are pushing for policies in favor of or against your business.

Economic Factors

Second, we analyze the local and national economy. Since Point operates nationally, areas in which the economy has improved immensely will likely create the greatest opportunities. The general improvement in the economy is already an advantage to point however.

Social Factors

Third we analyze our customer culture, demographics, and consumer attitude. Many American residents have negative opinions of door to door salespeople. Areas which have already experienced an oversaturation of such sales strategies are less likely to have a positive response to Point’s sales approach. Areas of the country in which pests are a major problem, however, are far more likely to react well to Point.

Technological Factors

Now we analyze technological changes. Door to door sales have evolved with the recent application of technology. The use of iPads and tablets has allowed for enhanced product presentation as well as the ability to transact sales on the spot. Point sees great opportunity in the development and use of a new customer app which will increase feedback as well as improve customer relations.

Legal Factors

Next we take into account the legal aspects. At this part of our analysis we consider national and state regulations, laws and tax codes. As it turns out, depending on the state, laws have been created which specify the types of pesticides which can legally be used. Other regulations by both the EPA and OSHA limit pest control practices to a certain extent. Knowing these laws affects the operation and sales location of Point. In addition to state laws, many cities have laws which require door to door salespeople to have specific licenses and city permission. Depending on where Point can obtain licenses will also determine business operation. In areas which are more strict, less competition is likely to exist, which provides Point with an opportunity to monopolize certain areas. Tax code, which fluctuates by state, may also play a role in Point’s business strategy.

Environmental Factors

Finally we consider the environmental aspects to Point. The environment plays a huge role in Point’s business operations as it is the climate which determines if pests are even a problem. Point can easily determine states with year round warmer weather will be better candidates than states with freezing temperatures as warmer states will naturally have greater problems with pests than others. Other environmental aspects such as locations in danger of environmental catastrophes only have to be considered when deciding where to place Point’s headquarters.

Action Plan

Based on the threats and opportunities determined up to this point (no pun intended), we now determine an action plan that best allows Point to defend against these threats and take advantage of these opportunities. The PESTLE framework becomes a key decision making tool for determining this plan. The action plan, which will not be detailed in this paper, would consist of exactly which states Point would target, products Point would sell, the integration of Point’s customer app, and the specifics of employee training activities.

The final step to PESTLE analysis involves integrating the action plan by picking a place to start and beginning.

On an international level, companies have a lot to consider when performing a PESTLE Analysis due to the extreme differences in the cultures and countries around the world. The PESTLE Framework can guide companies to make sound decisions and appropriate strategies.